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ANEP-100
Electrical Power System Designers, Naval Administrations and equipment suppliers or manufacturers working on NATO warship electrical power systems
ANEP-100 sets the voltage, frequency, waveform and design-constraint characteristics NATO warship electrical power systems and user equipment must meet, reaching a supplier once a national naval procurement invokes it.
ANEP-100 is the NATO Allied Naval Engineering Publication that sets the electrical characteristics a warship's power system, and the user equipment connected to it, has to meet. It covers three families of shipboard supply: 440V/230V/115V at 60Hz, 440V/115V at 400Hz, and 24/28V DC, and it is explicit that "not all these supplies may be present in a particular ship" (clause 1.1). The document describes a healthy power system, including the transients that come from ordinary events such as motor starts, and states plainly that it "does not describe system behaviour under abnormal conditions, e.g. short circuit faults" (clause 1.1). The current edition is Edition A, Version 2, promulgated 5 March 2025, superseding Edition A, Version 1.
An Allied Publication like this one is not itself the mechanism that binds anyone. ANEP-100 "is considered to be implemented when nations ensure that warships are equipped with electrical power supplies and electrical/electronic systems having characteristics according to this ANEP" (clause 1.2), and nations' agreement to use it is recorded in a separate NATO Standardization Agreement, STANAG 1008. It reaches a shipbuilder, a system designer or an equipment supplier only when a national naval procurement or a specific ship contract requires equipment to meet it. Annex E lists a domestic specification for most member navies covered - Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, the UK and the US each hold one - and that national document, rather than ANEP-100 directly, is usually what a supplier actually receives.
ANEP-100 names three roles. The "Electrical Power System Designer" is "the organization charged with the responsibility of designing the ship power generation and distribution system" (Annex A.1.b). The "Naval Administration", borrowing its definition from ANEP-77, is "The Department of Government of the State responsible for providing safety regulation for naval ships" (Annex A.1.a). The third role, the party building or supplying equipment that plugs into the ship's power system, appears throughout as "the equipment supplier" or "the equipment manufacturer": where a maintained supply is needed, "the preferred approach is for the equipment supplier to provide the alternative source of power" (Annex B.3), and where a design risks breaching the harmonic distortion limits, "an early co-ordination between the Electrical Power System Designer, Naval Administration and the equipment manufacturer should be undertaken" (Annex B.9.c). No certification body, notified body or accredited auditor appears anywhere in the text.
Ships should be provided with a 440V 60Hz three-phase distribution system "in order to prevent the need for conversion equipment" (Annex B.1.a), with limited exceptions such as hovercraft using aircraft practice. Loads of 5kVA and above should be three-phase at 440V 60Hz; below that, the document sets an order of preference running from 115V 60Hz three-phase down to 440V 60Hz single-phase (Annex B.1.f). User equipment connected directly to aircraft power supplies, electric propulsion buses or submarine batteries falls outside the ANEP entirely (Annex B.1.e).
NATO warship supply systems covered by this ANEP are unearthed, and user equipment "must not introduce direct or indirect connections between supply lines and earth" except for specific purposes such as EMI suppression, insulation monitoring or testing (Annex B.2.a). The document warns designers that phase-to-earth voltages are not necessarily equal, and that for unbalanced systems, earth-fault conditions "can be 115%" of the line-to-line voltage (Annex B.2.c).
Annex B.9 sets out a series of design constraints equipment has to meet without special negotiation. Inrush or starting current is normally to be less than 10 times full load current; 60Hz transformers rated 10kVA or greater may draw up to 25 times full load current, and smaller transformers may draw even more (Annex B.9.a). The same clause limits motor starting current on 440V circuits to 50%, 45% or 40% of generator rated current depending on generator size. Filter capacitance to earth is capped, and where the sum of harmonic-distorting loads exceeds 1% of the supply's short-circuit power (2% where each individual load is small), the equipment designer, the Electrical Power System Designer and the Naval Administration have to coordinate and "analyse... whether the ANEP-100 requirements are still met with respect to voltage harmonics" (Annex B.9.c). Paralleling the AC system at user equipment is "expressly forbidden"; paralleling after DC conversion is only permitted with transformer isolation (Annex B.9.e).
A practical guideline limits load unbalance to "5% of the arithmetic sum of the three full-load line currents" for that equipment (Annex B.5). Pulse loads - equipment such as sonar or radar that draws power in a repetitive or cyclic pattern - have to be restricted so they do not exceed the frequency and voltage modulation tolerances, achieved by limiting the load's rating, providing energy storage, early consultation with the Electrical Power System Designer and Naval Administration, or other suitable means (Annex B.7). Non-standard supplies are discouraged: requests "will be strongly resisted" and have to be notified to the Electrical Power System Designer and Naval Administration "at an early state of the design," with approval obtained "before entering into any commitment" (Annex B.4).
Annex C.2 sets the standard 60Hz supply (440V, 230V or 115V): a steady-state tolerance of ±5% on the average of three line-to-line voltages (±7% on any single one), 2% line voltage unbalance, 2% voltage modulation, a ±16% voltage transient tolerance with a 2-second recovery time, a voltage spike limit of 2.5kV, 1.4kV or 1kV across the three voltage levels, 5% total harmonic distortion, and a frequency tolerance of ±3% around 60Hz. Annex C.3 sets the 400Hz supply (440V or 115V) to the same steady-state and transient voltage percentages, with a wider frequency tolerance of ±5% around 400Hz. Annex C.4 sets the 24/28V DC supply's normal voltage range at 22-30V, an emergency range of 18-30V, an abnormal ceiling of 32V, a voltage transient band of 18V to 35V, 2% voltage modulation, 2.5V peak-to-peak ripple and a 600V voltage spike limit. Annex C.5 covers the abnormal condition on the 60Hz supply caused by a malfunctioning voltage regulator or governor: up to +50% voltage and -10% to +17% frequency, each for up to 2 minutes.
Every one of those figures belongs to the clause named beside it. This page reports what ANEP-100 specifies; it is not a substitute for reading the clause itself before any of these numbers are used in a design.
ANEP-100 does not describe abnormal system behaviour such as short-circuit faults, beyond loss of generator sets or a malfunctioning voltage regulator or governor (clause 1.1, Annex C.5). It does not apply to user equipment on special-purpose power sources - aircraft supplies, electric propulsion buses, submarine batteries (Annex B.1.e) - and it names no certification scheme: what it describes instead is coordination and approval between the Electrical Power System Designer, the Naval Administration and the equipment supplier or manufacturer.
ANEP-100 is an operational and technical standard, not a management-system standard: the work it demands is electrical design and design coordination, carried out by the Electrical Power System Designer, the Naval Administration and the equipment supplier or manufacturer, not something a piece of software does. ComplyTrain's part is holding the paper trail that coordination generates and that a Naval Administration would expect to see: the non-standard-supply approval request and the approval it received before any commitment was made, the record of early notification when a design exceeds an Annex B.9 constraint, and the coordination and analysis record when harmonic-distortion thresholds are approached - each as a controlled document with an owner, a version and a review history rather than an email thread that goes stale. Where a supplier is actually working to one of the national specifications Annex E lists for their customer's navy, that document and its own evidence requirements sit in the same controlled record.
What ComplyTrain does not do: it does not design the electrical power system, calculate short-circuit power, motor starting current or harmonic distortion, run the voltage-spike or waveform tests Annex B and Annex C describe, or make the engineering judgement about whether a piece of user equipment meets ANEP-100's tolerances. That stays the Electrical Power System Designer's and the equipment supplier's own work.
Which tier of national naval specification a contract actually invokes, and what else sits alongside it, is set by the contract and the customer's quality clause, not by us. See what else sits in the same naval-armaments family in the standards explorer, and talk to us about the evidence trail behind it.
Tell us how you need to work with ANEP-100 and what you need from it. We will come back to you about what ComplyTrain can do.
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ANEP-100 binds a nation once it agrees to use it, recorded in STANAG 1008, and a nation implements it by ensuring its warships are equipped accordingly. It reaches a shipbuilder or equipment supplier only when a national naval procurement or a specific contract requires equipment to meet it, typically through the national specification that reflects it for that navy, not by the ANEP existing on its own.
Three families: 440V/230V/115V at 60Hz, 440V/115V at 400Hz, and 24/28V DC. Not every ship carries all three, and the document is explicit that it does not apply to special-purpose supplies such as aircraft power, electric propulsion buses or submarine batteries.
No. The document names no accredited body, notified body, test house or certification scheme. Where a design risks breaching one of its thresholds, the mechanism it describes is coordination and approval between the Electrical Power System Designer, the Naval Administration and the equipment supplier or manufacturer, not a third-party audit.
STANAG 1008 is the NATO Standardization Agreement that records nations' agreement to use ANEP-100; it is the cover that gives the publication its force. ANEP-100 itself holds the technical characteristics.
The document sets out a notification and approval route rather than an automatic exception. Non-standard supplies are discouraged and have to be raised with the Electrical Power System Designer and Naval Administration early in the design, with approval obtained before any commitment is made; equipment that exceeds a design constraint is meant to be flagged to the same two parties as early as possible.
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