What it is
STANAG 7234 is a NATO Standardization Agreement, currently Edition 1, dated 23 September 2019. It is not a technical specification. It is the agreement by which NATO nations commit to implement AATMP-51, Edition A, the Allied publication that sets out a harmonized set of procedures for integrating military remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) into shared airspace. The actual integration procedures that a reader usually wants live inside AATMP-51 itself, not inside this six-page cover. Read on its own, STANAG 7234 requires almost nothing of a supplier or operator directly. Its obligations run to nations, and it reaches an organisation only indirectly, once a nation has implemented it and a contract or tender names AATMP-51.
Who it binds, and how
STANAG 7234 is explicit that it binds nations rather than organisations. Its letter of promulgation describes the enclosed agreement as one "which has been ratified by member nations, as reflected in the NATO Standardization Document Database (NSDD), is promulgated herewith." Ratification and implementation are separate steps: the document invites nations that have not already done so to "advise the NSO of their intention regarding its ratification and implementation." So "is STANAG 7234 mandatory" has no single answer: it depends on whether a given nation has ratified and implemented it, and, for an organisation working with that nation's RPAS programme, on whether a specific contract invokes AATMP-51 as a result.
What the agreement actually commits nations to
The stated aim is "to respond to the following interoperability requirements": "to establish a harmonized set of procedures among NATO nations for the safe and effective airspace integration of military RPAS, while respecting national sovereignty." The publication is further "intended to promote standardization and interoperability among NATO Member and Partner Nation RPAS operations." Under "Agreement," participating nations agree to implement AATMP-51, Edition A. None of this is written as a duty on a supplier or an operator; it is a duty on the nation.
A cover agreement, not the integration procedures
A reader who only has STANAG 7234 in hand does not yet have a procedure to follow. The actual airspace-integration procedures are in AATMP-51. What this document does carry is a list of related publications that sit alongside it: STANAG 4586 on UA control system interfaces (covered by AEP-84), STANAG 4660 on the interoperable command and control data link for unmanned systems (covered by AEP-77), STANAG 4670 on minimum training requirements for UAS operators and pilots, STANAG 4671 on UAS airworthiness requirements (covered by AEP-4671), STANAG 4811 on sense-and-avoid guidance, STANAG 3531 on safety investigation and reporting of accidents and incidents (covered by AFSP-1.3), and the NATO UAS Human Systems Integration Guidebook. Each of these informs airspace integration; none of them is made binding by this STANAG itself.
Reporting and review
Once implemented, "Allies and NATO bodies shall provide implementation details through the electronic reporting tool," while "Partner nations are invited to provide their implementation details" the same way - an invitation rather than a commitment for partner nations, and a distinction worth keeping straight. National ratification responses are recorded in the NSDD. The STANAG itself "is to be reviewed in accordance with AAP-03. The result of the review is to be recorded within the NSDD" - a check on whether the agreement is still current, not an audit of any organisation. It is supervised by NATO's AVC, ATM-CNS AG and ATOMI WG committee chain.
What it does not cover
STANAG 7234 names no specific integration procedure, sense-and-avoid criterion or training standard of its own - that detail sits in AATMP-51 and the publications listed above. It also names no assessment or certification scheme: the only stated check is that the STANAG itself is reviewed periodically, not that an organisation, an aircraft or a procedure is certified.