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STANAG 2946
STANAG 2946 aircraft forward area refuelling equipment
Makers and buyers of forward-area aircraft refuelling equipment for NATO member states' aeroplanes and helicopters.
STANAG 2946 sets NATO's performance requirements for aircraft refuelling equipment used in forward areas. NATO has not released it publicly; this page describes it from the Czech defence standard that implements it.
- Edition
- 2
- Published
- 2007-09-10
NATO has not released this STANAG publicly. It is NATO UNCLASSIFIED, and organisations that need it obtain it through their national standardization authority.
What it is
STANAG 2946 is the NATO Standardization Agreement on aircraft forward area refuelling equipment, edition 2, promulgated in September 2007 under NATO's LC, OEC, PHEWG committees. NATO has not released STANAG 2946 publicly, so this page describes it from a public national implementation, the Czech defence standard ČOS 999911 (2nd edition, amendment 1, effective 15 July 2021), which states that it introduces STANAG 2946 edition 2 into Czech use, with a reservation the Czech Republic decided to accept and that the ČOS respects. Treat what follows as the Czech implementation's content, not NATO's own text.
What the Czech implementation requires
ČOS 999911 sets performance parameters and technical requirements for equipment that refuels NATO member states' aircraft, aeroplanes and helicopters, with aviation fuel during military operations in forward areas, for the suppliers and purchasers of products and services covered by Czech defence-standardization law. Refuelling equipment sited in a forward area must, by its design, be able to refuel NATO member states' aircraft; a turnaround of no more than 15 minutes is required when refuelling helicopters, and no more than 20 minutes for aeroplanes.
The equipment must support two refuelling procedures: a standard procedure, in which the aircraft's engines or rotors are stopped and every system except the refuelling equipment is switched off, and a rapid procedure, in which refuelling, preferably by the pressure method, continues without stopping the engines or rotors. It must allow both an open, gravity method and a pressure method; the standard notes that some NATO nations' safety regulations forbid the open method while an aircraft's engines or rotors are running.
For the open method, the Czech implementation sets a minimum flow of 190 dm3 per minute (50 US gallons per minute) into a filler neck of 75 mm per ČSN ISO 102 (STANAG 3212), with a nozzle control lever that cuts the flow the moment it is released. For the closed pressure method, using a coupling built to ČSN ISO 45, it sets a minimum flow of 380 dm3 per minute (100 US gallons per minute) for helicopters and 760 dm3 per minute (200 US gallons per minute) for aeroplanes. For helicopters fitted with a pressure-refuelling coupling, it requires, in line with STANAG 2947, a flow-regulation range of 0 to 570 dm3 per minute (0 to 150 US gallons per minute) at an inlet pressure of 138 to 863 kPa (20 to 125 psi), an internal pressure regulator holding outlet pressure at or below 104 kPa (15 psi), and spillage on disconnection of no more than 30 cm3 at zero flow or 150 cm3 at maximum flow.
A Czech-specific note limits how far this goes in practice: the closed pressure method is mandatory only for NATO nations whose helicopters carry pressure-refuelling adapters, and the Czech armed forces refuel helicopters only by the open method, because neither their dispensing systems nor their helicopters carry the couplings and adapters the closed method needs.
How we help
A supplier bound by STANAG 2946 through a contract holds the obtained text through its national authority. In ComplyTrain you record the requirements that apply to you as your own requirements, give each an owner, and keep the evidence that shows you meet them against each one.
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