What it is
The agreement, not the technical specification
STANAG 3971 is the NATO standardization agreement covering air-to-air refuelling. It is not itself a technical specification: it is the instrument by which NATO nations commit to implementing ATP-3.3.4.2, Edition D, the Allied Publication that carries the substance. Participating nations "agree to implement the following standard," naming ATP-3.3.4.2 as that standard, and everything the agreement itself contains is the machinery around that commitment - promulgation, ratification, implementation reporting, review and governance - not the refuelling requirements themselves.
Ratification and implementation, as two separate steps
The document treats ratification and implementation as distinct and separately tracked. A nation's ratification position is recorded in the NATO Standardization Document Database, and nations are invited to "examine their ratification of the STANAG and, if they have not already done so, advise the NSO of their intention regarding its ratification and implementation." Implementation is a further step: this STANAG "is implemented when the procedures employed by NATO nations to conduct Air-to-Air Refuelling operations will be in accordance with the contents detailed in the covered standard," and "Allies shall provide implementation details through the electronic reporting tool." Partner nations are invited, though not obliged, to report their own implementation the same way. The agreement is itself "effective upon receipt for use by the participating nations and NATO bodies"; the alignment work that makes it implemented in practice follows separately, and is "reviewed at least once every five years," with the outcome recorded in the NSDD.
What this edition supersedes
This edition, promulgated 26 April 2019, replaces "STANAG 3971, Edition 7/ATP-3.3.4.2, Edition C, dated 18 November 2013." The change that matters is the covered publication moving from Edition C to Edition D of ATP-3.3.4.2; the agreement's own ratification and implementation mechanism is unchanged.
The publications it brings together
Alongside the publication it covers, the agreement names four other STANAG/Allied Publication pairs as related documents on the same interoperability area, without making any of them a precondition for this one: STANAG 7207 with ATP-3.3.4, Vol. II, on air transport and air-to-air refuelling doctrine; STANAG 7191 with ATP-3.3.4.5, on boom-receptacle interface requirements; STANAG 3447 with ATP-3.3.4.6, on probe-drogue interface characteristics; and STANAG 7215 with ATP-3.3.4.7, on signal lights in hose and drogue systems. All of these inform the agreement rather than bind through it; only ATP-3.3.4.2 is the standard nations agree to implement here.
Getting the document
STANAG 3971 is unclassified and free of charge. NATO's Standardization Document Database carries the ratification record and the current text; we neither host nor sell a copy. See the NSDD record for STANAG 3971.